Q&A:

A wave is a physical phenomenon characterized by its frequency, wavelength, and amplitude.

Classical wave properties include reflection, refraction, and diffraction.

Which of the three physical quantities is transported by a wave: mass, energy, momentum?

In general, waves transfer energy from one location to another, in which case they have a velocity.

Momentum, light exerts momentum (light pressure).

Give some examples of waves together with the description of their basic properties (longitudinal/transversal, vector/scalar, mechanical, other).

Standing waves - these have no net velocity and involve no net transfer of energy. They have frequency, wavelength and amplitude.

Mechanical waves - require a medium to travel through: for example, sound waves and earthquake waves cannot travel through a vacuum.

Electromagnetic waves - such as light, do not require a medium and can travel through a vacuum.